How it differs from conventional radiotherapy
Conventional radiotherapy uses photons (X-rays), which pass through the body and also deposit dose in tissue beyond the tumour. Protons behave differently: they release most of their energy at a specific depth (the Bragg peak) and almost none beyond it. As a result, organs behind the tumour receive less radiation.
When it makes the most sense
- Children’s tumours, where sparing growing tissue reduces the risk of long-term effects;
- tumours near sensitive structures: the skull base, spine, eye, optic nerve;
- some re-irradiation cases, when the area has already received radiotherapy;
- certain sarcomas and brain tumours.
Proton therapy is not better for every cancer. For many tumours, modern photon radiotherapy gives equivalent results. The decision is made by the radiotherapy team, based on imaging and the treatment plan.
Centres in Europe
Proton therapy centres exist in several nearby countries, including MedAustron (Wiener Neustadt, Austria), the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center and the West German Proton Therapy Centre in Essen (Germany), the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland), Institut Curie (Orsay, France) and CNAO (Pavia, Italy). Some also offer carbon-ion therapy.
What treatment involves
Treatment is usually given in daily sessions over several weeks, which means a longer stay in that city. Organising accommodation, daily transport and a companion matters as much as choosing the centre.
How we can help
We send imaging and documents for review, find out whether proton therapy is indicated, obtain a cost estimate and possible coverage through the S2 form, then organise the entire stay.
Informational article. It does not replace medical advice; treatment decisions are made with your treating doctor.